Breeding evaluations for Polish Arabians are typically based on type (i.e., appearance), proper conformation, and racing prowess. Polish Arabians are generally characterized by unusual beauty as well as desirable racing performance features with race track performance being one of the main criteria for selection. Despite this close relationship, selection criteria for horses in these regions can often differ. However, studies performed using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) confirmed that Arabians originate from the Middle East with current populations in the Middle East, Europe, and North America demonstrating a high number of similar haplogroups and relatively low maternal genetic diversity. The classic grey Arabian mare at the barn (photo credit Stuart Vesty all rights reserved).Īt present, the best-known Arabian horse populations are from the Middle East (including Straight Egyptian), Europe (Polish Arabians and French Arabians), the United States, and Canada. As a result, Arabian horses are often used to enrich not only refinement in other horse breeds but also endurance abilities. While Arabian horses often compete in a wide variety of equestrian sports, they tend to dominate endurance competitions. Widely recognizable due to their unique beauty and appearance, Arabian horses also possess many structural and functional adaptations for athletic performance with Arabian horses known worldwide for their extraordinary stamina (Figures 1 and 2). The Arabian HorseĪrabian horses are commonly believed to be one of the oldest and most influential horse breeds in the world. The presented review summarizes these findings, with a focus on the genetics underlying flat racing and endurance performance traits in different Arabian horse populations. The analysis of polymorphisms at the genome level has also been applied to the detection of genetic variants associated with exercise phenotype in the Arabian breed. To date, the modern approaches such as transcriptome, miRNAome, and metabolome analyses have been used to investigate the genetic background of racing performance as well as endurance capacity in Arabians. The high financial benefits obtained from races tend to search for genetic markers strongly correlated with the results achieved. Arabian horses are commonly believed to be one of the oldest and most influential horse breeds in the world.
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